Study of influence of anti-dementia drugs and nutritional supplements in elderly patients with mental decline

Background: Malnutrition is a common condition among elderly people with dementia and is associated with low nutrient and calorie intake. There are no data about efficacy of intervention with nutritional supplements in addition to medication in cognitive decline people. Aims and Objectives: we aimed to find out the nutritional status of patients with cognitive decline and to ascertain the effects of nutritional supplements with medication in such patients. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted for 12 months. All patients admitted with cognitive decline as per the mini-mental state examination score were included after informed consent. The demographic details, clinical features, treatment given, and response to treatment were noted and tabulated as mean ± and SD and analyzed statistically. Results: Maximum patients were found to be of moderate degree cognitive decline and were at risk of malnutrition. There was significant improvement in cognitive status and behavioral symptoms after 12 months of treatment with nutritional supplements and drugs in our study population. Conclusions: Addition of nutritional supplements to drug therapy does provides significant advantages in cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms. They did add a lot in rectifying the deficiency of different nutritional parameters and thereby improving the domains such as nutritional functions and activity of daily living.

Non acid-fast fluorescent M. leprae (?) in skin smears from leprosy patients.

Smears from 74 known smear negative cases of leprosy were examined after staining with Auramine 'O'. 40.54% cases were positive for fluorescent bacilli. 60.52% of cases on treatment and 19.44% cases after RFT had fluorescent bacilli in the skin smears. Results suggest the possibility of a non acid-fast fluorescent positive variant of M. leprae.

BI of patient vs BI of individual sites.

An analysis of 200 skin smear results from multibacillary patients showed that the average bacteriological index (BI) of a patient varied considerably from his site-wise highest BI. The average BI was equal to site wise highest BI only in 17.5% of cases and in the rest, it ranged from 99% to as low as 36% of the highest site-wise BI. In follow-up smears, site-wise consistency of the highest BI was found in 96% of cases. It is suggested that for follow-up purposes, repeating smear from only one such site would be adequate.